Horizontal joint opens the prelude to enterprise reform
Release time:
2020-08-14
编者按:今年是改革开放40周年,尖峰也正是因为改革开放的东风,开始在市场经济浪潮中扬帆远航。9月16日,《金华日报》在第1版刊文讲述尖峰的改革故事,本报特予转载,与大家共同回顾那段给尖峰发展带来巨大转折的岁月。
横向联合拉开企业改革序幕
——尖峰集团的改革故事
《金华日报》记者 邵雪廉 通讯员 傅亦武
梳理尖峰集团的发展史,2007年是分水岭。这一年,尖峰集团水泥板块与中国建材集团战略重组。
此后的故事,绕不开尖峰医药的创新崛起和身处金华之外却源源不断为企业贡献稳定利润的尖峰水泥,绕不开行业周期性与非周期性业绩互补的双主营业务经营架构,绕不开过剩行业“利基者”与专科领域“领导者”双重定位在尖峰集团的成功实践。
此前的故事,则要从横向经济联合说起。正是因为有了横向经济联合,才有了尖峰集团前身金华水泥厂的规模扩张,才有了从金华水泥厂到尖峰集团的集团化发展之路,才有了股份制改革后的尖峰集团上市,以及上市之后的壮士断腕与凤凰涅槃。
从《尖峰演义》看金华企业改革,尖峰集团前掌门人杜自弘与现掌门人蒋晓萌都有一个共同的感受:改革创新是企业发展的永恒主题,而任何一项改革都是外部环境与内生动力的结合。
上任伊始看到危机
1958年,金华水泥厂创立,至今刚好60年。
那是用榔头敲石灰石、用手搓生料球的年代,真可谓白手起家、土法上马。经历过下马、停产的波折,金华首家水泥厂跌跌撞撞地进入了改革开放年代。
1983年,担任科长职务的杜自弘被越级提拔,出任金华水泥厂厂长。这年,他43岁,在金华水泥厂工作了18年。
那是严重短缺经济年代。水泥只要生产出来就不愁销路,利润也相当丰厚。1983年,金华水泥厂的水泥产量只有12万吨,利润却高达240万元。
但杜自弘敏锐地察觉到了国有企业即将面临的危机。
1981年,国务院出台《关于城镇非农业个体经济若干政策性规定》,指出个体经济是国营经济和集体经济的必要补充;1983年又出台补充规定,进一步放宽经营范围和经营者条件,大大推动了乡镇个体经济发展。
虽然这时的乡镇企业还处在小打小闹阶段,在整体实力上无法对国有企业产生威胁,但灵活的机制、优惠的政策使他们在市场竞争中如鱼得水,而国有企业和集体企业却被呆板的机制捆绑了手脚。
杜自弘没有因12万吨产量的240万元利润而高兴。“如果抱着小富即安的心态,固守国有企业的老路子,迟早会走下坡路。”
出路只有一条——改革!
横向联合“借蛋孵鸡”
杜自弘的改革首先向内,在企业里推行机制改革。
国营企业原先实行党委领导下的厂长负责制和职工代表大会制度,企业是法人,厂长是法人代表,在党组织的领导下行使对企业的管理权。1984年全国开始国营工业企业厂长(经理)负责制试点,金华地区有9家企业进行试点,金华水泥厂是其中之一。
厂长制改革中,过去由党总支一手包揽的生产经营决策权、干部任免权、企业内部奖励形式决定权、机构设置权等统一由厂长领导的经营班子作出决策并组织实施。
杜自弘在机制改革中,首先改革劳动人事制度,打破原有的干部终身制,中层干部一律实行聘任制,有26人成为第一批聘任制中层干部,包括蒋晓萌。同时加大人才培养力度,提高职工素质;明确各级职责权限,激发内部活力。
要想发展壮大,光在内部下功夫肯定不够。杜自弘开始眼光向外。
1984年6月,杜自弘向上级打报告,由金华水泥厂与罗店联办水泥厂。
这不是一份简单的报告,而是拉开了金华水泥厂冲破所有制成分、行政区域等多种限制进行规模扩张的序幕。
因为是计划经济时代,作为国有企业的金华水泥厂,电、煤、油等原料供应靠行政下达计划,水泥销售的价格靠行政指令;而乡镇企业可以采购议价的原材料,销售议价的水泥产品。
为了扩大生产,国有企业的资金投入要层层审批,受到多种限制;而乡镇企业的决策、执行机制更灵活。
联合办厂,即由金华水泥厂出技术、出管理,由乡镇出土地、筹资金,在国有企业的母体之外,再造一个能充分利用乡镇企业优惠政策、机制灵活的子企业。而对当地来说,可以发展经济,可以解决大量富余农村劳动力的就业。
金华水泥厂的报告得到上级政府与部门的大力支持。当年8月,这一方案获得同意,婺城新厂在罗店前庄头破土动工;1986年,金华水泥厂与山桥乡联办山桥分厂的协议签订,成为第二家联办企业。
这就是杜自弘所说的“借蛋孵鸡、养鸡生蛋”。“借蛋孵鸡”就是积极争取社会各方面力量进行投资,同时广泛开展横向经济联合,借助当地乡镇企业在土地、人力和政策等方面的优势,弥补金华水泥厂的不足。“养鸡生蛋”是通过资金流的不断滚动,不断扩大企业生产规模,增强经营能力。
有人梳理了改革开放以来中国企业家编年史,在改革开放初期,企业家的诞生分为三类族群,一是村级带头人,二是社队作坊或小工厂的厂长,三是个体劳动者。而杜自弘开创了国有企业与乡镇企业结合的新路子。
3年时间里,通过“借蛋孵鸡”,在没要国家一分钱投入的情况下,金华水泥厂的水泥生产能力提高了30万吨,固定资产增加1000万元,相当于再造3个原先的金华水泥厂。而对当地来说,农民当工人了,有人要给杜自弘塑像,被他坚决拒绝。
百年尖峰从此启航
横向经济联合使金华水泥厂从单一工厂迈向集团化企业。1987年5月,尖峰水泥集团成立,一个以金华水泥厂为核心,14个跨地区、跨行业、跨部门、不同所有制的生产经营流通单位自愿联合组成的经济实体亮相。
紧接着,为了从根本上解决集团内部资产关系上的矛盾,原先所有制不变、隶属关系不变、资产归属不变的“三不变”框框被打破,杜自弘着手股份制改造。1988年,尖峰水泥集团变为浙江尖峰水泥集团股份有限公司。
1990年,尖峰集团向社会公众发行股票;1993年7月28日,尖峰集团在上交所上市。
说起尖峰集团发展这一系列重要改革事件,杜自弘曾表示,是改革开放给了尖峰机遇,只不过是“立志冒尖、永攀高峰”的尖峰人努力地抓住了机遇;是开明的外部环境造就了尖峰,从不完善到完善、从不规范到规范,需要敢担当的政府部门和官员来担当,需要敢闯敢干的引路人来带路。
这样的改革创新精神,一直流淌在尖峰人的血液里。
2006年,尖峰集团遭遇像上世纪80年代末一样的第二次严重危机,自上市以来首次出现亏损。困难的产生都是外因与内因的结合,克服困难的途径也只有一条——结合外部环境与自身实际进行改革。2007年,尖峰集团与中国建材联合,就水泥板块业务进行整合。
2007年,蒋晓萌出任尖峰集团董事长,提出“合作创新强主业、规范科学求发展”,专注于水泥、医药两个行业,同时进一步完善现代企业治理结构,从发展战略、决策体系、科学管理、技术创新、企业文化等方面下功夫,创造了尖峰集团新的辉煌。
通过战略重组,尖峰水泥在金华市域没有一家控股的生产基地,却凭着品牌优势、管理优势、品质优势,至今仍为集团贡献稳定利润。蒋晓萌说,尖峰水泥是过剩行业的“利基者”,在区域市场做管理领先者,成本控制领先者。
通过技术创新,尖峰医药后发崛起,正呈现蓬勃的发展势头。大力度投入研发,高站位谋求合作,尖峰医药正向专科用药、肿瘤制剂、小分子靶向药物、生物制剂方向发展,逐步走向大健康产业。蒋晓萌说,尖峰药业以创新取胜、以独占取胜、以模式取胜,正在努力成为专科领域的“领导者”。
如今的尖峰集团正处于历史上发展最好的时候。至2017年底,尖峰集团总资产和净资产比上市之初分别增长了近30倍和28倍,资产质量和盈利能力不断优化。仅今年上半年,公司总体净利润就达3.02亿元,再次刷新历史最好业绩。“秉持改革创新的精神,不断迎接挑战、化解危机,企业才能更加成熟、更加理智、更加有生命力,尖峰集团才能走向百年尖峰。”蒋晓萌说。
More information
Since the implementation of the large-scale inspection in early November 2016, Daye Jianfeng Cement Company has embarked on a comprehensive institutional adjustment and optimization, which has been carried out for more than five months. In just a few months, the internal management of Daye Peak has achieved a preliminary transformation, the process has been further straightened out, and the work efficiency has also been significantly improved. Reduce the hierarchy and further flatten the management. In the past, in order to avoid responsibilities, there were often repeated and overlapping settings in the setting of enterprise posts, and even there were cases where no one handled the accident and no one took responsibility. In order to truly realize flat management, daye peak merged the original production department, technology department, manufacturing workshop and finished product workshop to form a manufacturing department in early January this year after the implementation of large-scale inspection. Merging the former Environmental Security Department and the Comprehensive Management and Security Department to form the Environmental Security Department; The purchasing functions of the original departments were merged into the purchasing department. The functions of the infrastructure section of the former comprehensive management department were merged into the waste heat power generation department. After the adjustment of the organization, the members of the management team in charge of production also served as department managers, realizing the "sinking" of management ". Adjust and formulate the responsibility system to ensure that tasks are on duty and responsibilities are on duty. In response to changes in institutions and job settings, Daye Peak has carried out a comprehensive revision of the job responsibility system, making requirements around the key indicators of various departments and positions, and implementing "personalization" of responsibilities ". For example, the relevant indicators of mechanics focus on the consumption of machinery and materials, the operation rate of the equipment under their jurisdiction, and the failure time, and the hook for cement and clinker production has been canceled. Responsibility assessment is carried out according to post responsibilities and relevant management systems, and the assessment has been strengthened. In order to understand the actual effect of daye peak institutional reform, on March 30, the group company
2020
07-31
Group Party Committee to determine the annual work plan
The party Committee of the group company has determined its work ideas and work plan for 2017 a few days ago, and relevant work has been arranged below. In view of the current new political and economic situation and the task of enterprise transformation and development, the general requirements of the Party Committee of the Group Company for 2017 are: to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the series of important speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping, the spirit of the Seventh Party Congress of Jinhua City, to closely revolve around the center of enterprise production, operation and reform and development, and to adhere to scientific development and cross-regional development as the first priority, in order to continue to carry out the study and education of "five stars striving for innovation" and "two learning and one doing", we should highlight the main line of comprehensively and strictly administering the party according to the rules, firmly establish the political awareness, overall situation awareness, core awareness and alignment consciousness of the majority of Party members and cadres, strengthen and improve the party building work in enterprises in the spirit of reform, and strive to improve the scientific, standardized and institutionalized level of Party building work in enterprises, in order to promote the scientific development of the group company, leapfrog development and harmonious development, it provides a strong political, ideological and organizational guarantee. The working idea of the Party Committee of the Group Company in 2017 is to focus on "one center", adhere to "one concept", highlight "three key points" and do a good job in "three constructions". That is: centering on the "one center" of enterprise production, operation and reform and development, we should strive to strengthen the "one concept" of "the organic unity of the party's leadership and the improvement of corporate governance"; to "thoroughly implement the main responsibility of the party committee; continue to carry out the study and education of" two learning and one doing "; and improve the system of party building work" as the "three key points", and focus on "team building and team building
2020
07-30
End of 2016 Qualification Review
According to our newspaper, the 2016 employee qualification evaluation work ended a few days ago, and 380 employees obtained new qualifications. Since the implementation of the employee qualification evaluation system in 2010, it has produced certain results in promoting employees to strengthen self-learning and improve and establish a multi-channel career development system for employees. Since the company's cement sector was included in the scope of qualification management for the first time, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the company's employee qualification management, the written examination for this review was conducted in Jinhua, Daye, and Pu'er on December 25, 2016. After professional knowledge examination, performance evaluation and comprehensive evaluation, the qualification of the corresponding grade and grade is finally determined. A total of 380 employees participated in the review, including 40 in management, 59 in technology and 281 in technicians. According to the unit, there are 2 people in the group department, 186 in daye peak, 89 in Yunnan peak, 56 in pharmaceutical company, 6 in international trade company and 41 in peak health. For employees who apply for qualifications above level 3, Group Barton organized a unified review. According to the final results, more than 6 per cent of the total number of persons rated as three or more qualified. (this newspaper reporter)
2020
07-31
Group Party Committee to determine the annual work plan
The party Committee of the group company has determined its work ideas and work plan for 2017 a few days ago, and relevant work has been arranged below. In view of the current new political and economic situation and the task of enterprise transformation and development, the general requirements of the Party Committee of the Group Company for 2017 are: to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the series of important speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping, the spirit of the Seventh Party Congress of Jinhua City, to closely revolve around the center of enterprise production, operation and reform and development, and to adhere to scientific development and cross-regional development as the first priority, in order to continue to carry out the study and education of "five stars striving for innovation" and "two learning and one doing", we should highlight the main line of comprehensively and strictly administering the party according to the rules, firmly establish the political awareness, overall situation awareness, core awareness and alignment consciousness of the majority of Party members and cadres, strengthen and improve the party building work in enterprises in the spirit of reform, and strive to improve the scientific, standardized and institutionalized level of Party building work in enterprises, in order to promote the scientific development of the group company, leapfrog development and harmonious development, it provides a strong political, ideological and organizational guarantee. The working idea of the Party Committee of the Group Company in 2017 is to focus on "one center", adhere to "one concept", highlight "three key points" and do a good job in "three constructions". That is: centering on the "one center" of enterprise production, operation and reform and development, we should strive to strengthen the "one concept" of "the organic unity of the party's leadership and the improvement of corporate governance"; to "thoroughly implement the main responsibility of the party committee; continue to carry out the study and education of" two learning and one doing "; and improve the system of party building work" as the "three key points", and focus on "team building and team building
2020
07-31
Yunnan peak through the safety standard secondary acceptance
On March 21, Yunnan Jianfeng Cement Company successfully passed the evaluation and acceptance of secondary enterprises for safety production standardization. On the same day, a review team composed of leaders of the Yunnan Provincial Work Safety Supervision Bureau and relevant experts reviewed the implementation of the establishment of Yunnan Jianfeng safety production standardization secondary enterprises. According to the 13 elements involved in the "Standard for Assessment and Rating of Safety Production Standardization in Cement Enterprises", the review team conducted strict assessment and scoring item by item through grouping to check the site and review the data, and finally determined that Yunnan Peak passed the standard acceptance of safety standardization secondary enterprises. Yunnan Jianfeng has always attached great importance to safety production. After passing the three-level safety standard enterprise review in 2015, in order to raise the level of enterprise safety management to a new level, in 2016, it began to create secondary safety standardization. Over the past year, Yunnan Jianfeng has insisted on taking the creation of secondary safety standards as the top priority of production and operation management, and has formulated an implementation plan for production safety standardization in accordance with the requirements of national standardization norms. the content covers production safety responsibility system, education and training, safety inspection, safety facilities management and other safety production management standards, systems and post safety operation procedures, while further strengthening daily safety inspection and regularly organizing emergency plan drills, strengthen the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards and the supervision of important hazard sources, and further consolidate the foundation of enterprise safety production management. After the review, Zhou Jiping, general manager of Yunnan Jianfeng, said that Yunnan Jianfeng will take this standard as a new starting point. On the basis of consolidating the accident-free achievements in production safety for two consecutive years, it will conscientiously implement the main responsibility of production safety and cultivate
2020
07-31
Yunnan peak through the safety standard secondary acceptance
On March 21, Yunnan Jianfeng Cement Company successfully passed the evaluation and acceptance of secondary enterprises for safety production standardization. On the same day, a review team composed of leaders of the Yunnan Provincial Work Safety Supervision Bureau and relevant experts reviewed the implementation of the establishment of Yunnan Jianfeng safety production standardization secondary enterprises. According to the 13 elements involved in the "Standard for Assessment and Rating of Safety Production Standardization in Cement Enterprises", the review team conducted strict assessment and scoring item by item through grouping to check the site and review the data, and finally determined that Yunnan Peak passed the standard acceptance of safety standardization secondary enterprises. Yunnan Jianfeng has always attached great importance to safety production. After passing the three-level safety standard enterprise review in 2015, in order to raise the level of enterprise safety management to a new level, in 2016, it began to create secondary safety standardization. Over the past year, Yunnan Jianfeng has insisted on taking the creation of secondary safety standards as the top priority of production and operation management, and has formulated an implementation plan for production safety standardization in accordance with the requirements of national standardization norms. the content covers production safety responsibility system, education and training, safety inspection, safety facilities management and other safety production management standards, systems and post safety operation procedures, while further strengthening daily safety inspection and regularly organizing emergency plan drills, strengthen the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards and the supervision of important hazard sources, and further consolidate the foundation of enterprise safety production management. After the review, Zhou Jiping, general manager of Yunnan Jianfeng, said that Yunnan Jianfeng will take this standard as a new starting point. On the basis of consolidating the accident-free achievements in production safety for two consecutive years, it will conscientiously implement the main responsibility of production safety and cultivate
2020
07-31