First Impressions of Xinjiang
Release time:
2020-07-22
Xinjiang First Impression
(III) Turpan
Although Turpan also has Gobi Desert, there is not much green in this season, but with high-rise buildings and trees, people feel full of vitality. The tall poplar trees stood upright on both sides of the road, like soldiers welcoming guests, making me very novel when I saw this face for the first time from the south.
Turpan is full of large vineyards. It is said that there are more than 500 varieties and 18 varieties of high quality, so it has the reputation of "World Grape Botanical Garden " . Before winter, the locals buried the vines under fine sand and dug them out in the spring to wrap around the grape trellis. The vine we saw was just coming out of "bed " , and it was very dry before it sprouted. There are also rows of shade houses made of yellow-brown earth in the vineyard, neat and neat, for drying raisins. The shade house made of soil alone shows how much rain there is here. The soil here is very delicate. Every time the wind blows, the loess is flying. When we eat lunch under the grape trellis, it is not surprising that we can taste the sand in the dishes.
Although Turpan is extremely hot and rainless, known as "Huozhou " , it is rich in water resources. Because it is located in the basin and surrounded by mountains, every spring and summer, the snow water on the Bogda Mountain in the north and the Karawucheng Mountain in the west flows down the valley and dives under the Gobi Desert. The local people used the slope of the mountain to skillfully create "karez " , a special irrigation system for desert areas.
Karez is composed of four parts: vertical shaft, open channel, culvert and flood dam. The deepest part of the shaft is 100 meters, the culvert is generally 1.7 meters high, 1.2 meters wide, and the longest is 25 kilometers. All of them are excavated underground. The construction is difficult and the engineering quantity is huge. Therefore, together with the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, they are called "Three Ancient Chinese Projects " . There are more than 2000 karez in Turpan, and more than 1100 are still in use, with a total length of about 5000 kilometers. In order to minimize bending and determine the direction, the ancestors of Turpan created the wooden stick orientation method and the oil lamp orientation method. The tour guide said that the workers who had been engaged in culvert digging for a long time at that time generally lived no more than 30 years old. This reminds me of my father digging a well for his family more than 30 years ago. In order not to cut off the water pulse, he insisted on digging with both hands instead of explosives. Because of the lack of oxygen in the well, we could hear him gasping for air at the bottom of the deep well and felt extremely distressed. Under the conditions of productivity at that time, the ancestors carried out such a huge project as Karez, and the hardships and efforts can be imagined.
The Karez we visited has a history of 300 years. Due to the age, many culverts are about to collapse. They are supported by many wooden piles and can only be viewed from a distance. According to the tour guide, the water flowing out of the culvert is naturally filtered by thousands of layers of sand and stones, and finally forms natural mineral water, which is rich in many minerals and trace elements. Local residents have been drinking it for hundreds of years, and many people have lived to be over 100 years old. Turpan has also won the reputation of "China's Longevity Hometown " . We observe carefully, the water in the culvert is clear and transparent, and the flow is quite large, can not help but taste, sweet and clear. It is the clear spring of Karez that moistens the land of Turpan and turns Huozhou Gobi into an oasis of fertile land.
I remember a song that sang like this: We are a good place in Xinjiang, good pastures in the north and south of Tianshan Mountains, Gobi beaches turning into good fields, and snow melting and pouring into farms! Xinjiang has a vast territory. I only went to the tip of the iceberg and got some preliminary understanding. Xinjiang has different scenery at different times, and more beautiful scenery needs to be seen next time. (end of full text) (yu weiyao)
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